Tragedy Of The Commons

  • This has become a common phrase that seems to indicate that the commons approach doesn’t work — that it’s a tragedy
  • What it is actually saying is that tragedy occurs if the commons is unmanaged — that unrestricted access to a commons will deplete it
  • aka “good fences make good neighbours” — the tragedy is prevented by collective management, as proven by Ostrom
  • So the correct way to think about this phrase is:
    • The tragedy of the commons being depleted is prevented by collective stewardship of the commons
  • Open source and the tragedy of the commons id:: 63bb069a-929c-459a-8df8-6baa097dd466
    • I have come to believe that the right way to think about open source projects and commons needs to be split between source code and other aspects of a project
    • Source code is a non-rivalrous resource: there is a zero marginal cost for anyone to make infinite copies of source code
    • Source code is Public Goods
      • certainly when it is permissively licensed
    • Contributor time is a scarce resource: time spent on maintaining dependencies, fixing bugs, adding features, writing documentation, reviewing issues, responding in community forums and chats, marketing and promoting the project
    • Contributor time is rivalrous, time spent reviewing the issue you post or PR you send is time that isn’t spent maintaining dependencies
    • In typical projects today anyone can post issues and consume the other community resources, and so non-excludable, the definition of Common Goods
    • The commons of open source software is actually community
    • For me, the question is, can the approach of Club Goods help support open source contributors: restrict access to community time so that it isn’t exhausted
    • In practice, this might mean only contributors can:
      • File issues
      • Submit a PR
      • Help direct / vote for future features
      • Get live support (eg in a community chat)
    • Becoming a contributor could mean everything from in-kind work on the project (expanding the resources of community time available) to donating to fund a project
    • The key factor around donating is that there isn’t an expectation of “buying” hours of time — that would be Private Goods